Wideband Direction of Arrival Estimation with Linear Array：Analysis and Closed-Form Formulae

To estimate the Direction-of-arrival (DOA) of a far-field wideband source using a linear array, the Time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) based and Steeredresponse power (SRP) algorithms are of the most useful. In this paper, for white Gaussian signal and noise, the estimation variances of both the methods and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) are derived in closed-form for a linear array. Meanwhile, a Gauss-Markov (GM) procedure is introduced to achieve optimal conversion of the estimated delay vectors for the TDOA based estimator. Moreover, a generalized SR Pestimator is proposed for the generalized case with nonuniform SNR.