An Epidemic Model with Two Impulses for the Propagation of Malware in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper focuses on enhancing the security of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and analyzing the propagation of malware among nodes. It investigates an impulse SIR (SILR-P,Susceptible, Infected, Low-energy, Recovered with impulses) model considering different communication connectivities. By using the next generation matrix, a threshold parameter similar to the basic reproduction number is derived. Combining this threshold parameter, the global stability of disease-free periodic solutions (DFPS) is examined. Additionally, the persistence of malware propagation is verified. To curb the spread of malware, an optimal control strategy based on the Pontryagin maximum principle is proposed. In numerical simulations, the impact of cross infection on malware propagation is specifically considered. Finally, PRCCs are utilized for sensitivity analysis of the proposed threshold parameter.