Survey of Performance Evaluation Standardization and Research Methods on GNSS-Based Localization for Railways

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has been regarded as a key technology for train localization in the future, as GNSS-based localization can reduce the deployment of wayside equipment, and offer a high-accuracy determination in a cost effective way. However, the standardization of GNSS-based localization performance characteristics has not been done in railway. This can restrict the development of GNSS for safety related applications, which need critical requirement for the. The main objective of this paper is to provide a survey of research dealing with performance evaluation standardization. Train localization technique and performance requirement in Chinese train control system (CTCS), GNSS performance characteristics suggested in standards and guidelines, characteristics of accuracy/integrity/reliability/availability/safety for GNSS-based train localization and related evaluation approaches are presented. Some issues in GNSS-based train localization are highlighted based on the survey.